• A nanozyme-integrated curcumin exosome biomimetic nanosystem (Cur-Exo@Pt-PB) was developed to efficiently traverse the blood–brain barrier via selective protein corona modulation. • Cur-Exo@Pt-PB synergistically alleviates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, promoting microglial M1-to-M2 phenotype transition and protecting dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease models. • The nanosystem provides a multi-mechanistic and biomimetic therapeutic strategy, revealing previously underexplored
