Working without a treaty: Indigenous employment dynamics in the Côte-Nord mining sector

The Innu workforce of Québec's Côte-Nord region, located in a territory not covered by a modern treaty, represents a young and growing population, many of whom seek employment in the mining and metallurgical industry. However, despite the signing of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) intended to promote Indigenous employment, Innu representation within mining companies remains limited. This study aimed to document the factors influencing the recruitment, integration, and retention of Innu work