Axial Compression Effect on Carbonation Resistance of Fly Ash Concrete: An Experimental and Modeling Study

To investigate the durability of fly ash concrete under service conditions, this study systematically examined the effect of axial compressive load on its carbonation resistance. Prismatic specimens of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) and concrete with 30% fly ash (FAC30) were prepared. Axial compressive loads at three levels (0%, 30%, and 60% of the ultimate strength) were applied using a self-designed long-term loading device. The specimens were then subjected to accelerated carbonation