A sulfated manno-glucuronan ameliorates β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes by targeting ALDH1A3

Impairment of pancreatic β-cell function is a primary etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The sulfated manno-glucuronan (GMn) was found to possess a backbone structure consisting of interspersing 1, 3-linked β-D-Glc p A residues and alternating 1, 2-linked α-D-Man p residues and 1, 4-linked β-D-Glc p A residues. Additionally, random sulfation occurs at the C6 position of the Man residues. GMn demonstrated no detectable cytotoxicity in MIN6 cells and attenuated palmitic acid (PA)-induced