Reframing human–nature connectedness: A multi-scale agent-based model across time and region

Prevailing work often treats nature connectedness primarily as an individual attribute or a function of local access to nature, limiting explanation of long-term declines and regional differences. Given human–nature connectedness is recognised as important for planetary sustainability and individual well-being, it is becoming a target for policy proposals. Using an agent-based model, we reconceptualise the human–nature relationship as a relational, multiscale system that integrates macro-level c