Assessing the impact of climate change on BMPs’ effectiveness in the Hanjiang River Basin, China

This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on watershed Best Management Practices (BMPs). To achieve this, a SWAT model was developed for the Hanjiang River Basin, incorporating climate model data from CMIP6 under different climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Using 2000–2019 as the historical baseline, the study simulated and evaluated the effectiveness of 10 BMPs in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loads from 2025 to 2100.The results indicate that future climate change w