The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a globally important pollinator. Its health in natural and managed populations is compromised by numerous factors, including pesticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides are widely used even though they can cause a variety of detrimental effects. Exposure can disrupt the complex life history regulation of worker honey bees and induce precocious foraging and premature death. However, honey bee variation in neonicotinoid susceptibility and underlying mechanisms ar