Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Coleus scutellarioides leaf extract exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens of fruit crops

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant-derived reducing and stabilizing agents offers an environmentally compatible alternative to chemical synthesis. However, developing multifunctional nano-enabled microbicides that are both effective and safe for crop systems remains a challenge. To provide a simple and sustainable approach for managing fruit crop diseases, this study utilized Coleus scutellarioides leaf extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated their antimi