Unpacking women's tourism work in a sanctioned destination

This study examines how international economic sanctions reshape women's work and livelihoods in Iran's tourism sector through the theoretical lens of feminist political economy. Drawing on interviews conducted in two phases around 2018 and again in 2024, the study unveils how sanction pressures operate across macro, meso , and micro levels, giving rise to three interrelated processes: gendered economic scarring , whereby sanctions deepen women's labour exclusion; sanction-driven informalisation