Programmable Carbon Capture: Synthetic Biology Platforms for Scalable CO₂ Mineralization

Abstract: This study investigates programmable carbon capture as a synthetic-biology-enabled pathway for accelerating and scaling CO₂ mineralization into stable carbonate solids. The central hypothesis is that durable carbon removal can be engineered as a controllable biocatalytic process by coupling (i) genetically programmable CO₂ hydration and alkalinization modules, (ii) controllable nucleation and crystal-growth microenvironments, and (iii) measurable, closed-loop bioprocess control that op