Study on instability evolution mechanism of intermediate bridge retaining slope

Abstract Excavation is one of the key factors inducing slope instability in open-pit mines, particularly for intermediate bridge-supported slopes subjected to dual excavation disturbances. Improper handling of such conditions may lead to large-scale landslides. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the instability evolution mechanism of intermediate bridge-supported slopes under dual excavation conditions. In this study, the southern slope of the Zhahanaoer Open-Pit Coal Mine was selected as