AI agent in healthcare: applications, evaluations, and future directions
Lina Zhao·Z Zhang·Tangsiwei Xin·Chen Qian·Yiyang Chen·Yafang Li·Fanyi Kong·Zihao Bian·Xiaoran Wang·Shengrui Liu·Jiawen Tan·Jinwei Bian
With the rapid advancement of large language model (LLM) technologies, AI agents have rapidly emerged in healthcare. This review traces the historical evolution and core characteristics of AI agents, and systematically examines their applications in assisted diagnosis, clinical decision support, medical report generation, patient-facing chatbots, healthcare system management, and medical education. We further analyze existing evaluation frameworks for AI agents in healthcare, focusing on key dim