Research progress on the structural regulation of porphyrinand phthalocyanine-based materials and their photoelectrocatalytic applications

Porphyrins and phthalocyanines, endowed with highly conjugated π-systems and tunable coordination environments, have shown remarkable promise in photoelectrocatalysis and energy conversion. Yet, their intrinsic planar stacking, restricted charge transport, and insufficient structural stability remain major obstacles to performance optimization. This review focuses on the molecular design and structural regulation of porphyrin/phthalocyanine systems, summarizing representative modification strate