Imputation recovery tourism demand forecasting

Tourism demand forecasting is vital for planning yet faces challenges like data misalignment and external shocks. Data misalignment—due to missing values, irregular reporting, and inconsistent frequencies—undermines data quality. Shocks such as pandemics or natural disasters disrupt patterns, reducing the reliability of historical data. Traditional models (e.g., ARIMA, ETS) assume clean, regular data, limiting their effectiveness in such contexts. While preprocessing (e.g., imputation) helps, it