Quantitative modeling of nanoplastic accumulation from single-use water bottles: exposure scenarios and tissue concentration estimates

The widespread use of single-use plastic (SUP) water bottles has raised growing concerns about chronic human exposure to nanoplastics (NPs). This study presents a quantitative assessment of NP accumulation in human tissues resulting from the long-term consumption of SUP water bottles. Using survey-derived consumption data and the Human Exposure and Absorption Simulation Interface (HEASI) Plastic Model, we modeled NP intake, gastrointestinal (GI) retention, and whole-body tissue accumulation unde