Between Brotherhood and Betrayal: A Historical Analysis of Afghanistan–Pakistan Relations

This paper will analyze how Afghanistan-Pakistan relations have changed through history since 1947 to 2025, the cycles of suspicion, antagonism, and strategic deceit that have defined bilateral relations. Regardless of the common religious, cultural, and historical associations, the relations between the two states have been mostly characterized by political hostility, irredentist demands, and hidden interventions. The study follows this pattern through major historical events: Afghanistan oppos