Evolution behavior of active phase of oil-soluble iron catalysts during direct liquefaction of Shangwan coal

Abstract Oil-soluble catalyst is a promising alternative to non-oil-soluble catalyst due to excellent dispensability in coal-oil slurry and relatively high activity. To reveal evolution behavior of active phase of the oil-soluble Fe-based catalysts in direct liquefaction of Shangwan coal, three oil-soluble Fe-based catalysts (FeLA, FeOA, FeSA) were synthesized via saponification method with linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid as organic ligands, and were compared with two traditional iron