Investigation on the creep induced slip of open-pit mine with weak layers

Abstract The long-term creep-induced instability of slopes containing weak layers posed significant safety risks in open-pit mining operations. A key scientific difficulty lies in understanding the coupled mechanisms of excavation-induced stress redistribution and internal time-dependent deformation in weak-layered strata, an area that remains insufficiently studied due to limitations in replicating realistic creep properties and capturing full-field deformation evolution. This study proposes a