Urban forestry enhances urban environments by offering ecological, economic, and social benefits. However, managing urban populations and their environments has become a pressing issue. The current study assesses the current status, challenges, and future prospects of urban forestry in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Nepal. A mixed-method approach, including a field survey and interviews with 155 local residents, was employed to collect data. The study recorded 54 tree species, with a Shannon–Wiene