Overlap Estimation to Hierarchical Clustering

In clustering, the measures used to quantify similarity between observations and clusters vary across methods. Density-based methods are well-suited for chained data, while partition-based methods perform better for elliptical-shaped clusters of relatively equal sizes. Identifying natural clusters in data with complex structures, such as weakly connected clusters of varying sizes, remains a significant challenge. A common heuristic in the literature assumes that measuring similarity between obse