Asymmetric Safe Haven Properties of Green Assets Under Geopolitical Stress: A Quantile-Based Analysis of Cryptocurrency, ETF, and Commodity Markets

This study investigates the defensive properties of green assets against geopolitical shocks and their implications for portfolio diversification across green and non-green cryptocurrency, exchange-traded fund (ETF) and commodity markets. Utilising daily data from 2018 to 2025, we apply quantile-based time series methods with a graphical network approach to examine the asymmetric relationships between non-green and green assets across different market conditions. The findings reveal significant