Impact of soil physical and chemical properties on residual diuron toxicity against canola seedlings

Context Herbicide residues in soil can harm non-target crops, yet limited data exist on critical toxicity thresholds across herbicides and crop species. These thresholds are influenced by soil properties that affect herbicide bioavailability. Aims This study aimed to determine how soil organic carbon (OC), clay content, and pH influence the phytotoxicity of soilborne diuron residues to canola, and to establish predictive models for toxicity thresholds. Methods Greenhouse experiments were conduct