Doctors vs. doctors: intra-associational conflict and federalism

If associations include multiple constituencies with conflicting preferences, whose preferences will they represent? We argue that the higher the territorial level of policy-making authority in a polity, the more influence the resource-rich constituencies will have on an association’s policy positions. We apply this argument to the contrasting positions over medical remuneration taken by the medical associations in two federal countries, Australia and Canada between the 1960s and the 1990s. In A