Roles of mathematics-related psychological factors in STEM sense of belonging and identity: a structural equation modeling analysis
Zenaida Aguirre Munoz·Reshma Menon·Lalita Oka·Erica M. Rutter·Keith P. Thompson·Bianca E. Barajas-Salazar·Melissa Almeida·Maribel Viveros·Mayya Tokman·Comlan de Sousa·Lei Yue·Changho Kim·Khang Tran
Abstract Background The progression and retention of students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines are influenced by their performance in calculus courses, particularly among underrepresented minoritized (URM) and first-generation college students. Research stresses the importance of addressing psychosocial factors to bolster resilience, persistence, and positive self-concepts in STEM disciplines. Despite extensive research in this area, understanding of how ma