Amazonian river islands: biodiversity Hotspots, carbon Reservoirs, and ecological corridors in need of integrated conservation

Amazonian islands represent highly dynamic and unique ecosystems shaped by sedimentation, tidal influences, and ecological succession, fostering remarkable biodiversity yet remaining increasingly threatened by human activities. Despite their ecological importance, these islands are under-researched, underscoring the need for integrated management strategies that reconcile environmental protection with local socio-economic needs. This review consolidates current knowledge on their formation, vege