The Invisible Grids-Gendered Access to Digital Infrastructure in Marginalized Urban Spaces

Digital infrastructure, broadband connectivity, affordable smartphones, in-teroperable digital public infrastructure (DPI), and culturally appropriate digital literacy are rapidly becoming determinants of social, economic, and civic participation. Yet, when this infrastructure maps onto pre-existing social inequalities, it often reproduces and amplifies them. This paper develops a theoretical account of how gendered power relations intersect with spatial marginality to shape access to, use of, a