From single debulking techniques to combined approaches: a review of bailout strategies in heavily calcified coronary lesions

The increase in the average age of the population leads to an inevitable increase in demand for coronary intervention in elderly patients with more comorbidities, often carriers of coronary calcifications. Calcific lesions present a major challenge in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions, often requiring debulking techniques for successful lesion preparation. In some cases, the combined use of “dedicated” devices is essential. Some imaging-based algorithms have been established to guide the stepw