Legal Certainty of Indigenous People's Land Rights of Former Customary Land Ownership Evidence After Its Validity Period Expires

This article examines the legal protection afforded to holders of written proof of customary land ownership in Indonesia, especially after the enactment of Article 96 (2) of Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021, which states that the document is not valid after five years. The provision has raised serious concerns about the legal certainty and constitutional rights of indigenous peoples. Using normative juridical methods and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the tension between state-im