Human-in-the-Loop AI: Enhancing Transparency and Accountability

Abstract: As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly informs decisions in critical sectors such as healthcare, finance, and governance, concerns regarding algorithmic opacity and fairness have intensified. This research investigates the integration of Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) mechanisms as a strategy to enhance transparency, interpretability, and accountability in AI systems. Using real-world datasets from financial fraud detection and healthcare triage, we evaluate the comparative performance