A Critical Analysis of Restorative Justice in Indonesia's Criminal Justice System: from Punishment to Restoration

This study aims to investigate how Indonesia's criminal justice system has changed from a retributive to a restorative justice paradigm. In particular, it examines how restorative justice has been integrated into the stages of investigation, prosecution, and trial, identifies the obstacles to its application, and assesses its viability as a long-term alternative to achieving substantive justice, legal certainty, and social reconciliation. This study employed the normative juridical method, which