Stakeholder engagement in regulatory policymaking in a neo-corporatist setting: assessing diversity and balance in open consultations

Abstract It has been argued that engaging a wide range of stakeholders in regulatory policymaking could enhance its legitimacy, quality, and acceptability. Open consultations are the only venue that theoretically allows the participation of those affected by policy proposals or those with a special position in relation to them. We examine the participation of all stakeholder types in open consultations, including organized and non-organized interests, across policy areas and time in Finland, a c