Familial Confounding of the Association Between Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Substance Use and Problems
Brian M. D’Onofrio·Paul Lichtenstein·Jarrod M. Ellingson·Henrik Larsson·Carol A. Van Hulle·Claire A. Coyne·Kelly Donahue·Anastasia Iliadou·Niklas Långström·Benjamin B. Lahey·Martin E. Rickert·Paul J. Rathouz
The association between maternal SDP and offspring substance use/problems is likely due to familial background factors, not a causal influence, because siblings have similar rates of substance use and problems regardless of their specific exposure to SDP.